Nephrology is the medical specialty focused on diagnosing and managing kidney-related diseases and disorders. It covers conditions like chronic kidney disease (CKD), acute kidney injury (AKI), glomerulonephritis, kidney stones, and hypertension-related kidney damage. Nephrologists also treat electrolyte imbalances, acid-base disorders, and complications of diabetes affecting the kidneys. Key treatments include dialysis (hemodialysis/peritoneal dialysis), kidney transplantation, and medication management. Diagnostic tools include blood tests (creatinine, eGFR), urine analysis, ultrasounds, CT scans, and kidney biopsies. Nephrology works closely with urology (surgical kidney care) and endocrinology (for diabetes-related kidney issues). Early detection and management are crucial to prevent kidney failure and improve patient outcomes.
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